arr=() # Create an empty array
arr=(1 2 3) # Initialize array
${arr[2]} # Retrieve third element
${arr[@]} # Retrieve all elements
${!arr[@]} # Retrieve array indices
${#arr[@]} # Calculate array size
arr[0]=3 # Overwrite 1st element
arr+=(4) # Append value(s)
str=$(ls) # Save ls output as a string
arr=( $(ls) ) # Save ls output as an array of files
${arr[@]:s:n} # Retrieve n elements starting at index s