Startup/Shutdown scripts are located in bin/ directory: startup.sh and shutdown.sh
Default Tomcat port is on port 8080 which is defined in configuration direcotry conf/ in the file server.xml
Here the Connector are defined which defines the port Tomcat is listening to.
web.xml file in conf/ directory is used to configure and deploy web applications.
logs/ directory is where the logs are stored.
Place your application that you want the Tomcat to serve to webapps/ folder.
If you place app.war file inside this directory, it will be automatically detected and unpacked to the directory the same as file name of the WAR file and served.
Also in logs/catalina.out you can see the logs about these events.