Get instance metadata in AWS

In AWS there is a link-local address 169.254.169.254 which have metadata that EC2 instance can access. If you log in to an EC2 Instance, you can use curl or wget to get information about the instance from metadata endpoint:

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
wget -q -O - http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/

Examples
Get public IP of instance:

http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4

Get local IP of instance:

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/local-ipv4

Get instance ID:

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id

Get instance type:

curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type

Get AZ:

http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone